Rapid Assessment of Toilet Technologies under Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural) across Multiple States

Client: WaterAid India

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Geography: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Telangana,Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Assam, and West Bengal

DevInsights conducted a rapid assessment of toilet technologies promoted under Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural) in partnership with WaterAid India and the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. The study aimed to evaluate the types and quality of toilet construction adopted acrossstates, assess adherence to standard designs, identify local innovations and deviations, and generate recommendations for strengthening sanitation implementation.

The assessment adopted a cross-sectional mixed-method approach integrating quantitative surveys, qualitative methods, and observational assessments. Household surveys were conducted with adult respondents to capture sanitation practices and technology usage, while fiel dobservations documented the presence, location, and condition of toilet facilities. The study covered multiple districts and Gram Panchayats across participating states, including both Open Defecation Free (ODF) and non-ODFareas.

DevInsights provided end-to-end research support, including field implementation, data collection, observational assessments, analysis, andreporting. The study generated actionable insights on sanitation infrastructurequality, implementation gaps, and local innovations, informing recommendationsto strengthen sanitation policies and programme effectiveness under SBM Rural.