Assessment of Swachh Bharat Mission Rural Toilet Technologies and Sanitation Practices across Multiple States

Client: Waterid India

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Geography: Jharkhand and multiple states across India

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Duration: August 2018 – September 2018 (2 months)

DevInsights conducted a rapid assessment for WaterAid India, in partnership with the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, to evalua tetoilet technologies promoted under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural). The study focused on understanding the types and quality of toilet construction, adherence to standard designs, and local innovations adopted across states under the sanitation programme.

The assessment adopted a cross-sectional mixed-method approach integrating quantitative surveys, qualitative enquiries, and observational methods. Household surveys were conducted with adult respondentsto capture sanitation practices and technology usage, while observational assessments documented the presence, location, and condition of toilet facilities. The study covered multiple districts and Gram Panchayats acrosseight states, including both Open Defecation Free (ODF) and non-ODF areas.

DevInsights provided end-to-end research support, including field implementation, data collection, observation-based assessments, andanalysis. The study generated evidence on sanitation infrastructure quality, implementation gaps, and local innovations, informing recommendations to strengthen sanitation policies and programme effectiveness under Swachh Bharat Mission Rural.

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